The Fiosaiche of the Isle of Lewis

Katie Hughes, a Museum Studies student at the University of Aberdeen, joined the National & International Partnerships Department on a work placement in June 2017. Here she writes about a mixed media sculpture, Fiosaiche (Soothsayer), 2016, by Will MacLean, acquired by University of Aberdeen Museums in 2017 with an NFA grant of £900.

This mixed media sculpture consists of a hand-held church collection box bearing a temporary object movement label from University of Aberdeen Museums. Within the box is a copy of a prayer book and key from the University’s collection which belonged to a fiosaiche, a soothsayer or fortune teller, who lived on the Isle of Lewis during the mid-19^th century. The artwork was inspired by the deeds of the fiosaiche and his ultimate downfall.

Mixed media sculpture, Fiosaiche, 2016, by Will MacLean

 

In 1899, the Reverend Malcolm MacPhail, Minister of Kilmartin, wrote about the fiosaiche of the Isle of Lewis. He claims that the fiosaiche was a divisive figure whose activities caused trouble between neighbours.

There was a Fiosaiche – soothsayer – who pretended to be able to foretell future events, and to detect criminals in districts far and near. By so doing he often caused a good deal of ill-feeling and dispeace. At the period of which we write – in the forties – the individual who had consulted him and the neighbours incriminated, were from Gearraidh na h-Aibhne, a district thirty-five miles from Ness.

 John Munro Mackenzie, Esq, Factor of the Lewis Estates, accompanied the parties concerned to the Fiosaiche’s house. Mr MacKenzie interviewed him, and sharply reproved him for his dispeacable conduct, in setting good neighbours at each other’s throats with his lies. The Fiosaiche boldly replied that he told no lies, and that he had said nothing but what he ascertained from the Book. Mr MacKenzie said to him, “Can you read? What book do you consult?” He replied, ‘Though I cannot read, I can understand the signs. The book is my property, and you have no right to ask me questions about it.’

Rev MacPhail’s account is particularly valuable because he describes the method by which the soothsayer claimed to foretell the future and solve the problems which were brought to him.

… Mr Mackenzie asked his Ground Officer to go in to the Fiosaiche’s house and to bring out the book with him. To Mr MacKenzie’s surprise the book was none other than the Bible. An old rusty key, and a number of ribbons of various colours were attached to the Bible. By applying this key to certain of the ribbons, he maintained that by observing certain signs he was able to solve the different problems that came before him.

 

Mixed media sculpture, Fiosaiche, 2016, by Will MacLean

 

During this period Pagan activity and witchcraft were ruthlessly suppressed by the established Church and Rev MacPhail went on to recount how the Bible was confiscated and that without it the fiosaiche lost his power.

Mr MacKenzie took possession of the Bible, and carried it away in spite of the false prophet’s protestations and loud curses. He thus crippled, maimed and discredited the Fiosaiche for the rest of his life.

(Extracts from Rev Malcolm MacPhail, Minister of Kilmartin, 1899)

The fiosaiche’s Bible and key were later presented to the University of Aberdeen by Alexander Thomson of Banchory House who received them from a Minister in Langholm in 1863. In his accompanying letter the Minister wrote:

 I said you should have it for your museum, so now I send it as a contribution to the history of superstition in the 19th century…

(Extract from letter to Alexander Thomson from Rev Mr F C Watson of Langholm, 1863)

I find this piece of artwork both fascinating and layered with history. I was drawn first to the story associated with the work, and continued to be drawn in by it; particularly the fact that it was inspired by objects from the museum’s collection; and that the original objects of inspiration have a traceable origin and accompanying letters detailing their history.

 

K Hughes
MLitt Museum Studies
University of Aberdeen

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/museums/

Discovering the Past – An Imprint of the Bronze Age

Early Bronze Age mould for casting flat bronze axes, acquired by University of Aberdeen Museums in 1984 with an NFA grant of £75

When you think about the Bronze Age you think about bronze, right? So you would think in a blog post focusing on Bronze Age Aberdeenshire I would be looking at a bronze object – but no, the object I’m looking at is not a shiny bronze torque or piece of bronze weaponry, rather it is a dull piece of sandstone. Let’s take a closer look and find out what this object can tell us about its fascinating past.

First, let’s look at the sandstone itself. This is not any old sandstone, it is Old Red Sandstone, a stone local to the New Deer area of Aberdeenshire. Already we are getting a clearer story; we now know this stone was carved and used in New Deer, Aberdeenshire, specifically it was found in Corsegight. But what was it used for?

Early Bronze Age mould for casting flat bronze axes

Let’s take a closer look at the shape carved out in the sandstone. Straight away we get more of the object’s story. The shape is obviously that of an axe head but not any old axe head, it’s the shape of a Migdale axe head. Migdale axes are flat axes of the Bronze Broad Butted type, one of three variants of this type; the other two being Dunnottar and Kilaha. So now we know the object has something to do with Bronze Age axes – let’s look for some more clues which will let us know what the object was used for.

It might not be as shiny as a bronze object but the colours on the stone do let us find out more about its purpose. The carved axe shape indent is blackened to 10mm depth which would have occurred when hot metal was poured into it and, of course, the metal predominately used would have been bronze!

So we now know, by taking a closer look at this stone, that it would have been used in an Aberdeenshire smithy as a mould to create bronze Migdale axe heads in c2400-1800 BC. Many of these axe head moulds were found in Corsegight, New Deer, telling us that the production of bronze axe heads was a specialised activity in this area. The axe heads made using this Old Red Sandstone mould would have looked something like the one below, which is a Migdale type axe head made from bronze.

Bronze Migdale axe head from Durris, Kincardineshire, c2200-1500 BC

One of my favourite things about working in a museum is learning about objects and discovering their secrets. I hope I have shown that by taking a closer look at a seemingly uninteresting object you can delve into the past and discover the unique story behind the object.

Laura Beare
Curatorial Assistant (Community Engagement)
University of Aberdeen Museums

www.abdn.ac.uk/museums